Native Americans- Minority Role Essay Example for Free

Native Americans- Minority Role Essay Power and Minority Group Position: The Case of Native Americans Majority/Minority group relations can be illustrated by studying the role of power and how it is distributed between groups. The majority, or group that wields the most power, directly affects the circumstances for the minority. In most cases power struggle leads to racial and ethnic inequality. This scenario describes the case of the Native Americans. Since the arrival of the Europeans in 1492 the Native American has systematically been dehumanized, decivilized and redefined into terms that typify a subordinate or minority role, restricted life opportunities persist today as a result (Farley, 2000). When European settlers arrived on American shores to settle a New World, around 7 million Native Americans had been settled in the wilderness north of present-day Mexico for some time. It is believed that the first Native Americans arrived during the last Ice Age, approximately 20,000 30,000 years ago, by crossing the Bering Strait from northeastern Siberia into Alaska. Over thousands of years, spiritual kin-based communities had survived by living off the land and bartering goods. Their diversity was reflected by their societies, which ranged from small, mobile bands of hunter-gatherers in the Great Basin to temple-mound builders in the Southeast (DiBacco, 1995). The encounter of early explorers with the people of the Americas would ultimately set in motion the destruction of long existing Native American life and culture. Engrained into the minds of the Europeans were prejudiced images and stereotypes of the Native Americans, which we struggle still today to eradicate. From the 1490s to the 1590s, Europeans pushed inward across America from both coasts. Encounters with these settlers attracted many Native Americans toward European goods, but their attitudes toward the newcomers themselves depended greatly on previous experiences (Farley, 2000). In most cases, the early explorers found the Native American peoples to be friendly and generous. Columbus was immediately struck by the peaceful, generous nature of the Taino. The Taino society was highly organized around a patriarchal hierarchy and distinguished by happiness and friendliness. Columbus frankly stated how surprised he had been to make friends with the Indians. He wrote, They are gentle and comely people. They are so naive and free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would never believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone They willingly traded everything they owned (DiBacco, 1995) When the Europeans settlers started to arrive in the 16th- and 17th-centurys they too were met by Native Americans. The Natives regarded their white-complexioned visitors as something of a marvel, not only for their outlandish dress and beards and winged ships, but even more for their wonderful technology steel knives and swords, fire-belching arquebus and cannons, mirrors, hawkbells and earrings, copper and brass kettles, etc. (Jordan, 1991). Increased interaction led to the Indians becoming less self-sufficient and economically dependent on the whites. As the years went on, however, the natives began to realize that the Europeans had much more in mind than a few settlements. They began to realize that their entire way of life was under siege. By the time the truth occurred to them, however, it was probably already too late. Their bows and arrows were no match for the Europeans firearms, and their bodies could not defend against the foreign diseases (DiBacco, 1995). As the encroachment of settlers on Indian lands continued, so did the inevitable conflicts. To the Indians, the arriving Europeans seemed attuned to another world; they appeared oblivious to the rhythms and spirits of nature (Jordan, 1991). Nature to the Europeans was something of an obstacle, even an enemy, and these disrespectful attitudes were quite apparent to the Indians. The wilderness was also a commodity however: a forest was so many board feet of timber, a beaver colony so many pelts, a herd of buffalo so many hides (Jordan, 1991). The Europeans cultural arrogance and ethnocentrism, and their materialistic view of the land and its inhabitants were repulsive to the Indians. Europeans, overall, were regarded as something mechanical soulless creatures wielding diabolically ingenious tools and weapons to accomplish selfish ends (Jordan, 1991). Initial European impressions of the Native American population were formed by the descriptions of Columbus and other explorers. Although Columbus initially praised the Taino, crediting them with a very acute intelligence , he also provided an unfavorable view of Native Americans when he discussed the Carib Indians, who were said to be very fierce cannibals. This description set the stage for the long-enduring image of the hostile, savage Indian (Berkhofer, 1978). Another New World explorer, Amerigo Vespucci further established this imagery in his writings about the natives stating, The nations wage war upon one another without art or order. The elders by means of certain harangues of theirs bend the youths to their will and inflame them to wars in which they cruelly kill one another, and those whom they bring home captives from war they preserve, not to spare their lives, but that they may be slain for food; for they eat one another, the victors the vanquished, and among other kinds of meat human flesh is a common article of diet with them. Nay be the more assured of this fact because the father has already been seen to eat children and wife (Burkhofer, 1978). The recently developed printing press rapidly dispersed such images through both print and picture, and these representations became firmly etched in the minds of the Europeans (Bataille, 1980). Eventually, the Native Americans were considered subhuman and evil. The hope of civilizing the Indian was often expressed, but ultimately religion required the eventual submission of the Indians to white domination (Burkhofer, 1978) When colonies began to form in North America, the colonists wanted to create a world similar to the one they had left. The Indians were a major barrier to this progress and civilization. The colonists hoped the natives would embrace Christianity and become assimilated within the colonist society. When the Native Americans resisted, they, like the wilderness, became merely an obstacle in the colonists path. Because they would not conform to the European way of life, their destruction was inevitable. Because some justification was needed in order to wipe out the entire race, the stereotype of the bloodthirsty savage was solidified (Bataille, 1980). The Europeans were accustomed to owning land and claimed ownership of the new territory, justifying their actions with the fact that the Indians were nomads with no interest in owning any land. The conflicts led to many wars and various actions instituted by the Europeans in order to accomplish their objectives. The Indian tribes were at a great disadvantage during these wars because of their modest numbers, nomadic life, lack of advanced weapons, and unwillingness to cooperate, even in their own defense (Jordan, 1991). During the nineteenth century, the American Indians, by tradition a communal people, were forcibly separated from their native cultures and lands. By the mid-1840s most of the Native Americans east of the Mississippi River had been relocated to Indian Territory, as a result of President Andrew Jacksons Indian Removal Act of 1830. This act gave territory to Native Americans who agreed to reject their ancestral holdings. This act allowed the Indians to live on the declared territory indefinitely. Many refused to leave their homelands, however, engaging in battles destined to end in death and destruction. These Native Americans were subjected to numerous forms of violence, such as raping, scalping and lynching, among other acts (Zinn, 1980). The Europeans eventually stripped the Native Americans of most of their lands, and as the settlers pushed further west, the boundaries of the Indian Territory continued to shrink. As the wandering Indians encountered existing tribes and the designated Indian Territory became more crowded, conflicts over land and hunting rights ensued. The relocated Indians were often struck by famine, as buffalo and other game became scarce. The reduction of the overcrowded Indian reservations was continued as more white settlers arrived in America (Zinn, 1980). The building of the transcontinental railroad allowed for thousands of white setters to make their way across Indian Territory. Native Americans forced off their lands often starved on the poor land or died of diseases brought with the settlers from Europe. Indians were often pressured to sign treaties giving up land and agreeing to live on reservations. In return, the government vowed to provide the Indians with services and supplies (Todd, 1986). The white men did not uphold this promise, however. Most of the Native Americans were nomadic and nonagricultural, and all depended for survival on hunting the buffalo (Jordan, 1991). The settlers realized the usefulness of the buffalo hides and killed an estimated three million buffalo each year over a three-year period. The devastation of the buffalo was also devastating to the Indians (Jordan, 1991). Tensions were increased as Indians traveled outside reservation lines to hunt buffalo for survival. When government attempts at concentrating the Native Americans in reservations proved ineffective, many battles ensued between Indians and Americans. Because their designated land was insufficient, the Indians were forced to revolt in order to survive (Todd, 1986). Terribly disadvantaged, however, the Native Americans were not able to defend themselves against the settlers. Most American Indians saw themselves as citizens of sovereign Indian nations. In fact, during the first half of the 1800s, the U. S. government treated Indians who lived in tribes as members of separate nations. The federal government even negotiated formal treaties with them. All that changed in the latter half of the 1800s. The U. S.government began to look at Indians as wards or dependents instead of citizens of their own sovereign nations or citizens of the United States. In 1870, the Senate declared that the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to African Americans, did not apply to American Indians who lived in tribes. In 1871, Congress stated that hereafter no Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be recognized as an independent nation (DiBacco, 1995). In 1887, congress passed the Dawes Act, dividing both reservations and families. Indian families who agreed to live separate and apart from any tribe were given their own land to cultivate. After 25 years, the family would be granted both land and U. S. citizenship. This U. S. policy stressed Indian assimilation of the habits of civilized life through citizenship, education, and individual land ownership (DiBacco, 1995). Traditionally, Native Americans owned land through tribes and communities, as opposed to individually. The effort to individualize Indians and force them to forgo their tribal and traditional ways caused strife among tribal communities and provoked a growing Indian opposition (Zinn, 1980). Once again, however, the Indians suffered because the quality of their land was very poor, they were untrained at farming, and they lacked proper tools. Additionally, disease and malnutrition increased as common causes of death. Between 1887 and 1934, American Indian nations lost more than sixty percent of their land to the American federal government (Jordan, 1991). The end of the 19th century marked the end of the Indian Wars with an unprovoked massacre in 1890 during which Indian warriors, women, and children were slaughtered by U. S. cavalry at Wounded Knee (Jordan, 1991). In the end approximately 200 Native American men, women, and children had been killed (DiBacco, 1995). In the early twentieth century Indians continued to be the target of civilized assimilation efforts. In accordance with these efforts, the government funded Native American churches and schools. Education has been regarded as a primary tool in the cultural genocide, or assimilation, of Native Americans throughout history. Its overall effect severely diluted Native American culture with Christian European values and beliefs, but taught no Native American history (Keohane, 2003). The Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, the Haskell Institute in Kansas, and the Chilocco Indian School in Oklahoma all sought to eradicate Indian languages and lifestyles. Native Americans from various areas were forced to send their children to such schools. Most were boarding schools where students would have no contact with their tribal homeland. Students were forced to adapt themselves to the culture of the colonists under a militarized system that enforced the use of the English language, English names, and Christian religion, while dismissing Native American cultures as uncivilized. Many of the students were even kept from their families during breaks as they were sent off to work under white families, still furthering their cultural immersion and strengthening the American economy. Kill the Indian and save the man was the Carlisle Schools motto (Keohane, 2003). During the first few decades of the 20th century, the gap between Indians and whites widened as Native Americans continued to find the thinking of white Americans illogical, and Federal officials continued to outlaw Indian religious practices. As assimilation efforts began to succeed, American Indians were reduced in the public eye to the status of ancient relics. For example, most citizens were unaware that ten thousand Indian men were serving in World War I or that educated Indians were becoming teachers, farmers, and ministers (Zinn, 1980). Many of the stereotypes of Native Americans originally created in Columbus time have carried over to contemporary society. This only solidified white attitudes about manifest destiny and the role of the Indian in North America. The bloodthirsty savage had become a staple of the popular dime novel and Wild West shows (Bataille,1980). By the time of World War I, the image of the ignorant, savage Native American was firmly established in popular film, which was greatly profitable though historically inaccurate. The generic Indian was portrayed in fringed clothing, communicating through grunts and simple language (Bataille, 1980). Even today, many people overgeneralize about Native Americans, seeing them as one people even though the tribes have always differed in many ways. In 1924, Native Americans were finally given some recognition as a federal law pushed U. S.citizenship upon the remaining Indian population, BE IT ENACTED , THAT ALL NON-CITIZEN INDIANS BORN WITHIN THE TERRITORIAL LIMITS OF THE UNITED STATES BE AND THEY ARE HEREBY, DECLARED TO BE CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES: PROVIDED, THAT THE GRANTING OF SUCH CITIZENSHIP SHALL NOT IN ANY MANNER IMPAIR OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY INDIAN TO TRIBAL OR OTHER PROPERTY. THE INDIAN CITIZENSHIP ACT, APPROVED JUNE 2, 1924 Despite their newly gained citizenship, Native Americans were blocked from voting for the next twenty years in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. As a result, The Indian Rights Association and The American Indian Defense Association were formed to protect Indian rights, but the two organizations had limited power or impact (DiBacco, 1995). The plight of American Indians attracted little attention until 1928, when a shocking study, the Meriam Report, exposed the frequency of Indian poverty and the failure of government to fulfill allotted promises. The result of this new interest in reform was called the Indian New Deal, a new law that would restructure tribal governments and the administration of federal policies. The bill became the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. It introduced federal programs to support Indian agriculture, vocational education, and economic development. It included a provision that allowed reservation communities to set up tribal governments patterned after local units of the American government. Despite criticisms of the law being too paternalistic and undermining tribal traditions, the authority of Indian communities actually did expand during this time. The new Indian governments began to assert their rights in order to reverse the loss of tribal sovereignty (Jordan, 1991). Even though American Indians sent twenty-five thousand men and women to World War II, ten thousand to the Korean conflict, and forty-three thousand to Vietnam, their efforts did little to erase negative images of Indians (Zinn, 1980). Such images have also persisted in federal policy. Following World War II the Bureau of Indian Affairs instituted a program to terminate the federal governments trust relations with many tribes. In 1953 government officials passed a bill reducing federal expenditures and shrinking the federal bureaucracy by getting out of the Indian business and setting Indians free from federal support and protection. Poverty and homelessness quickly produced frustration and anger, and these, in turn, produced additional problems: alcoholism, joblessness, and poverty (Zinn, 1980). In the late 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement kicked off a wave of political activism by Native Americans, successfully changing negative policies and views. A new voice began to be heard in 1961 when the American Indian Chicago Conference gathered to present an Indian agenda for the new Kennedy administration. As American Indian youth became more involved in national Indian issues, the National Indian Youth Council formed (DiBacco, 1995). Additional examples of this new activism and militancy would include the founding of the American Indian Movement in 1968, the occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969, the Trail of Broken Treaties march of 1972, and the armed occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973 (Farley, 2000). These and other actions produced a national and highly visible call for Native American self-determination. This new campaign also emphasized individual tribal culture and practices. Pro-Indian legislation emerged during the 1970s as a result of activism and self-determination. The Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act, was passed in 1975 and stipulated that tribes could enter into contracts with the Indian Bureau to administer their own programs, from education to health care to housing. Other new laws included a settlement of land claims in Maine in 1978 and two pieces of landmark legislation passed the same year. The Indian Child Welfare Act established a role for tribes in the adoption of Indian children and the American Indian Religious Freedom Act declared constitutional support for Native American religious freedom (DiBacco, 1995). Despite growing efforts at self-determination, exploitation still plagues the Native Americans. Recent water and energy needs have led to government and industrial encroachment on Native American Land. Native Americans have even seen their reservations recommended as toxic-waste dumping grounds in exchange for much needed money. Discrimination still continues, especially in cities near the reservations. Tribal governments have enormous responsibilities that include the protection of hunting and fishing rights, water rights, religious traditions, and cultural heritage. At the same time, they struggle to develop successful gaming operations, profitable industrial factories, and effective educational and social-welfare programs. The systematic disorganization and dehumanization of their societies have restricted life opportunities. Poor education, low income, bad housing, poor health, alchoholism, and suicides are serious problems facing Native Americans today. They suffer the highest rates of poverty and unemployment among racial minority groups in the United States. Conditions are worse on Native American reservations, where an estimated 1/3 of them still live. According to goventment statistics on income, Native Americans are the poorest of the poor. (Farley, 2000) Today, many people in the United States ignore or are unaware of the problems Native Americans face. Many of those who are aware often stereotype them as backward, drunk, or unmotivated. Relations between Indians and non-Indians in the United States have been marked by an unfortunate series of blunders caused by prejudice and negative stereotypes. Even still, todays 2. 1 million Native Americans have proved their resilience by surviving oppression in a world dominated by other races and cultures. Unlike other minorities who have fought for equal rights in American society, Native Americans have fought to retain their land and cultures and have avoided assimilation, at a hefty cost. Works Cited Bataille, Gretchen. The Pretend Indians: Images of Native Americans in the Movies. Iowa State University, Ames: 1980 Berkhofer, Robert F. The White Mans Indian. Alfred A. Knopf Publishers, New York, 1978. DiBacco, Thomas V. , Lorna C. Mason, and Christian G. Appy. History of The United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1995. Keohane, Sonja. The Reservation Boarding School System in the United States, 1870-1928. http://www. twofrog. com. 3/19/2005 Jordan,Winthrop D. and Leon F. Litwack. The United States. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1991. Todd, Lewis Paul and Merta Curti. Triumph of the American Nation. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Joranovich, Inc. , 1986. Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of the United States. New York: Harper-Collins, 1980. Farley, John. Majority-Minority Relations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,2000.

Is Religion Wrong? Essay -- essays research papers

Is Religion Wrong? Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx both seemed to believe that religion is a Drug. In which it helps people feel better about the unknown. Let’s face it humans’ fear the uncertain and we don’t like to be scared. So what does our human instinct do? â€Å"Know Everything†. But what happens when it is impossible to know the â€Å"ultimate concern†? I may seem atheist to you but I’m not I just don’t like to have my beliefs spoon fed to me. I like to challenge and question everything. I believe in general people will make up â€Å"bedtime† stories to help them and there kids to sleep better at night, and to explain the un-explainable. Some stories sound real convincing and they stick around and grow in to religions. People who have no explanation for natural forces believe that a higher po...

Accounts Receivable Crisis

The following criteria will consist of a complete record of all credit amounts which include precise approval and maturity periods, simple debtor background information such as employment position, how they receive money, amount of family members in household, and current place in which they reside. In addition, various documents that shows the exact date in which our establishment physically acquired funds from the patient will also need to be requested. Ill. In order to resolve this problem, a combined effort from all departments within this organization must be implemented.This Includes the Administrative department, the Finance department, the Health Information Management department, as well as the patient. Each department will provide a specific set of functions from various resources to the overall execution of the newly designed plan. L. Administrative department As you may well know, Admission and Registration Is probably the most Important department and is the first line o f defense against this pressing issue. Properly documenting critical patient data, such as insurance information can literally save a inconsiderable amount of money as well as ensure a faster payment.In an effort to reduce employee errors involving insurance changes during this phase of the process, an Increased amount AT training classes well De contacted Tanat would explain in full detail about what the procedures are for checking in a patient and a special session that focuses on proper insurance data collecting. In addition to this, a staff member suggested that a full time individual be utilized on a 24 hour basis. The full time clerk will be responsible for the inspection of all other employees' paperwork to catch any discrepancies that might occur. According to Brown,J.Oily 2000), â€Å"Manual Claim Reviews including utilization and medical reviews are conducted by trained specialists. Staff specialists review specific claims with established program and medical policy, with previously paid claims, and with other information to decide if Medicaid should pay for the services. † Once this task is complete, the data will be passed on to the medical record department for further processing. Lie. Finance department To reduce the number of days that funds remain within Accounts Receivable, an analysis must first be conducted to determine which dollar amounts are either paid or delinquent.This objective typically requires the utilization of an Aging of Accounts Receivable Schedule, which can be retrieved from resources such as financial department records. According to Emerson, P. (n. D. ), â€Å"The accounts receivable schedule is a listing of the customers making up the total accounts receivable balance. Most businesses prepare an accounts receivable schedule at the end of the month. † Accessing this critical data can be quite useful and will give the company a such clearer picture as to why this issue is occurring. Iii.Health Information Manag ement department The Health Information Management department and medical coding personnel's contribution to controlling the Accounts Receivable dilemma consists of decreasing the influx of rejected claims from various insurance providers as well as ensuring that all submitted paperwork from the Administrative department is finalized and thoroughly checked for errors prior to submission. To accomplish these tasks, pertinent information such as reports, medical charts, and patient data should be adhered and referenced. ‘v.

The Multicultural Education Essay - 1320 Words

The Multicultural Education John Searle addresses the â€Å"major debate†¦ going on at present concerning†¦ a crisis in the teaching of the humanities.† [Searle, 106] He goes on to defend the canon of works by dead white males that has traditionally made up the curriculum of liberal arts education. I disagree with many of his arguments, and believe that multiculturalism should be taught in the university, but this is just the tip of the iceberg. Openmindedness will take much more than just minimal changes in curriculum. In order for works by different races and women to be judged and studied alongside works by white men, they have to be seen as equal to works by white men. They have to be studied for their literary content, not for the†¦show more content†¦It is not equal representation of â€Å"them† (minorities and women) by a university dominated by â€Å"them† (white males). We want students to think of all people in the same way, to include all human beings in the â€Å"us† group, to judge them by the same standards free from stereotypes and generalizations. This is an idealistic vision, I know, but without ideals, where do we begin? Some say we begin by requiring college students to take a certain number of classes focusing on women and a certain number of classes about other races and cultures to supplement the core curriculum studying dead white males. These courses become tedious requirements, which students loath. They resent the classes because they seem like extra, unnecessary work that will have no significance in their future in American consumer society. Ultimately, they resent multiculturalism itself for the extra workload, and thus the â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† mentality is perpetuated. An argument often made by those supporting traditional liberal arts curriculum is that the styles or translations encountered when studying works from other cultures is foreign, and therefore hard to study. In grade school we study literature mainly as way of learning about grammar, writing style, and reading comprehension. If works from other cultures (age appropriate of course) were incorporated into the grade school curriculum, children would become used to different styles of writing and wouldn’t shy away from them in their advancedShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education And Multicultural Schools1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There have been multiple definitions for Multicultural definition which has become so imperative. 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Workplace Conflict Resolution Pl Effective And Healthy...

Workplace Conflict Resolution Plan Introduction: Conflict in the workplace is inevitable. Under normal circumstances, the conflict is due to different values, personality, opinions, and goals and needs human outbreak. Workplace seems to establish the value of differences and different points of view, which is what leads to specific conflicts. However, the conflict is not always a bad thing. This may lead to innovative solutions, people with similar views and opinions, it is not possible. The key to a positive work function channeling conflict effectively solve this problem. If the solution properly, conflict may cause personal and professional development, resulting in employees who are more productive. Resolve the conflict is necessary for all types of issue. Under normal circumstances, the host was given the role to help employees resolve conflicts. Hosts can managers, leaders, or specify granted to employees in the organization s role in promoting. The more trained facilitator education about how to resolve the conflict in an effective and healthy lifestyle, the better the results will be. We will discuss the steps, steps on how these issues in the case of the transfer of plots below. In this case, we will solve some of the problems by Emily connection to the family three months ago, she began to do some changes Steps to Resolve Conflict: There are four steps, the host can resolve the conflict in the workplace in accordance withï ¼Å'according to what I read in the article:Show MoreRelatedSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagesand outlook on the worlds as you do? You communicate to learn about the world around you. You can discover your world as it is now, as it was, and as it will be, because you have that uniquely human ability to use symbols-mainly language-for your effective communication. Not only do you find out about current happenings and ideas (as trivial as an order of catsup for your french fries or as complex as international terrorism), but you have available to you information and arguments about events and

Greatest Haitian Leader (Toussaint L’ouverture) - 1129 Words

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Competitive Customer Value Propositions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Customer Value Propositions. Answer: Introduction In the service industry, designing and delivering value proposition is important for the marketing planners. The customer value proposition refers to the total sum of benefits which are provided to the customers in return of the payment. The customer value proposition is the business or the marketing statement which convinces a person to buy a product. It is specifically targeted towards the potential customers who are going to buy the customer product (Barnes, Blake, Pinder, 2009). The value proposition convinces customers that the present product or the service can add more value than others in the competitive set. A business organization primarily exists to create value in the lives of the people or to add value to the customers lives. The private sector business and the industries create value for the customers and in return of it the companies capture value in terms of the benefit of the shareholders for the profits or return on investment (Kumar Reinartz, 2016). The value provided to the customers has three dimensions, namely, physical attribute, the value generated by interaction of the customer and the organization and the emotional appeal of the company to the customers (Kumar Reinartz, 2016). The customer value refers to the benefits which an organization delivers to the customers with its services. At present, there is high level of competition among the business organizations; therefore, it is important to deliver high value to the customers than the competitors. There should be effective and clear value proposition which can enhance a firms functional, psychological and economic va lue (Kempen, 2012). While making a purchase decision, different customers are motivated by different factors, such as some are motivated by quantity, some are motivated by the level of service or some are motivated by the quality. The organizations develop a value proposition to attract more customers towards the purchase. The organization tries to satisfy the requirements of the customers and provide expected value to the customers. The value proposition is a promise made by the company to deliver certain benefits to the customers. The value proposition focuses on certain differential activities which can influence the decision of the customers. It influences the decision of the customers and gives reason why the customers choose an organizations product over its competitors (Rintamki, Kuusela Mitronen, 2007). There are three kinds of value proposition: benefits, favorable point of difference and resonating focus. The involvement of all the benefits refers to the complete set of positive features which the organization might deliver to the end customers. The organization is able to do it as it has good knowledge of the customers and the competitors. The favorable point of difference refers to the factors which distinguishes an organization from other competitors. In order to implement this strategy, the company should obtain detailed knowledge of other competitors and use it to shape the strategy of the company. The resonating focus is another strategy which is based on two factors. It states that it is not always better to outperform the competitors but the organization should focus on a few points of the target customers. The business organization should identify the competitive advantage elements, document and demonstrate them to the targeted customers (Hassan, 2012). It can be argued that the definition of value proposition provided by different authors is different; however, the basic essence is same and indicates towards the value provided to the customers. It should be different from the value provided by the competing organizations. It can be concluded that the customer value proposition is important in the marketing and the sales activity of the organization. The customer value proposition refers to the value provided to the customers by selling the product or services. It discusses what value the will be added to the lives of the customers (Doligalski, 2014). The customer value proposition can be achieved through different means such as focusing on the product advantage, demonstrating the differences from the competitors or focusing on one or two primary factors. The Sheraton Hong Kong Hotel Towers is one of the premier hotels in the business area of Hong Kong. It is located at the heart of Kowloons business, shopping and the entertainment district. The ferry terminals and the subway are located near the hotel and the international Airport is also in the near vicinity. It is one of the largest hotels in the area and comprises of 782 guest rooms and suites at various prices. The hotel is the ideal place to work and relax or enjoy. All the major tourist spots are located near the hotel. Several of the rooms of the hotel provide a post card view of the Victoria harbor. The Sheraton tower of the organization also provide exclusive tower lounge on the floor. The hotel provides room of different size and comfort according to the needs of the guests. Other than that, it offers the service of health club which has temperature-controlled rooftop pool (Ulrich Brckbank, 2005). All the guests are provided complimentary smartphone services during the st ay. The guests can avail the facility of free 3G data, wifi and local calls services. Service Blueprint for Sheraton Hong Kong Hotel The service blueprint refers to different aspects of the services such as the process of service offering, customer contact points and the services offered from the perspective of the customers. The service blueprint is a tool which discusses how a service is offered to the customers in an organization. It provides the human resource actions, physical evidence of services and the infrastructure which supports different services to the organization. The human resource actions, physical evidence, infrastructure are different systems which supports the services of the organization (Lovelock, 2007). The hotel is well-known hotel group in Hong Kong and offer booking and reservation services with the help of websites and telephone booking. The tourists will be offered best prices according to the date and choice of the guest. The online reservation is the process can provide affordable rates. The rooms are confirmed at the local currency. There are several cross-functional teams which can enhance the overall service provided to the customers (Sheraton Hotel Hong Kong, 2017). The service blueprint of the hotel encompasses the contact points, physical evidence, support processes and other related services to the customer. The services are developed with the service encounter between the customers and the employees. The current hotel has established an organization culture in which the employees have to focus on the efficiency while delivering the services to the customers (Hax, 2009). There are several essential steps which are required while delivering the services to the customers. It refers to all the actions taken by the customers while encountering the services. The actions of the guest begin from the time when they enter the hotel. When the guests arrive at the hotel, they are greeted and shown the reception. When the guests arrive at the reception, the receptionist checks if the customers have made online booking. The receptionist registers the customers within the organization and verifies their identity cards and other documents. Then after, the receptionist selects a room which meets the expectations of customers (Ulrich Brckbank, W. 2005). The guests are also shown the restaurants and entertainment sections of the organization wherein they can spend leisure time and have fun activities. Physical evidence The physical evidence refers to the services or the things which influences the perception of the customers for service delivery (Mensah Mensah, 2013). The physical evidence refers to the tangible elements such as ambience, furniture; services offered which may impact the perception of the customers. The actions of the employees can be categorized into visible actions and invisible actions. The visible actions refer to the face to face interactions between the employees and the guests. It refers to the communication held at the front office of the business organizations such as communication with the housekeeping staff, facilities for dinner, and fun and leisure activities in the organization (Rintamaki, Kuusela Mitronen, 2007). The invisible employee actions refer to the indirect communication between the customers and the employees which can enhance the service performance of the organization. The emails and the telephone calls are categorized as indirect communication and they can enhance the performance of the organization. The support processes are the processes which can enhance the service delivery and the direct interactions with the guests. There are several support processes such as HR and finance which can support the services offered to the customers. Front and Back stage functions The operations of the service organization can be categorized into two categories, namely, front stage operations and the backstage operations. The front stage operations comprises of all the actions involving the interaction of the customers with the organization (Stewart O-Connell, 2016). The back stage division deals with all the operations, services which do not involve direct interaction with the customers. The front stage and the backstage functions of the organization are discussed below: In service organizations, the front stage functions are an integral part of service delivery. The front stage functions initiate with the employees actions while meeting the customers. The front stage functions involve greeting customers with a smiling face, verifying the personal information of the customers, baggage transporting and answering the inquiry of the guests. The services provided at the front stage have physical evidence and may impact the attitude and perception of the customers (Hax, 2009). In the front stage processes, the company recruits the personnel who are focused on their work, address the needs of customers in an efficient manner. The staff must be able to multitask and manage the clients. The backstage functions are the functions which do not require direct involvement with the customers; however, these operations are essential in the current operations of the organization. The people in back office assist the people in the front office in the process of service delivery. The backstage operations involve maintaining the customer records, HR services, employee records and attendance of the customers. Other than that, it also involves the HR and housekeeping services of the organization. Customer Value Proposition The customer value proposition refers to the sum of all the benefits provided to the customers as a part of the product service. The customer value proposition provides reasons why a customer should buy the product of a specific company. It also differentiates the product from the product of other companies. The customer value proposition attracts the attention of other customers and increases the sales of the organization. The customer value proposition is developed by the organizations after analyzing the needs of the customers. The good customer value proposition is capable of convincing the customers to buy a product and it also differentiates the product from that of the product offering of the competitors (Duchessi, 2004). It should be able to gain the attention of the customers and increase the sales and the profitability of the organization. It also assists in developing the brand of the organization. The brand is the perception of the customers regarding the product, service of a company. It is designed to stay in the minds of the customers for the long run. Building the customer value proposition is important as the customers base their purchase decision regarding the familiarity with the organization. The customer value proposition is the promise of an organization with the customers that the business will deliver a specific value to the customers and as a result, the customers should choose to buy the product of a specific business organization. The customer value proposition is a concise statement which assures the customers that the organization will deliver a specific value to the customers. It highlights the relevance of the product with the needs of the customers. The customer value proposition solves or addresses the problem of the customers and suggests how the product will add value to the lives of the people. It is essential for the business enterprises to present a customer value proposition as it assist the companies in differentiate the brand from the competitors (Barnes, Blake Pinder, 2009). The basic notion behind the customer value proposition is to survive in the business environment of high competition. It differentiates the brand from that of competitors and the customers can choose from the most valuable brand or the brand which will provide them with the maximum benefits. The hotel offers different value proposition which differs it from other organizations. It hotel specializes in the wedding organization services. There are a large number of event organizers associated with the hotel who offer wedding planning services. The hotel also offers event planning services to other functions. It has halls for all types of functions irrespective of their size. The hotel has a large number of rooms and these rooms are available at different shapes and size. It is in accordance to the budget of different customers (Doligalski, 2014). The value proposition of the hotel is that the rooms are available at different budgets. The hotel also provides different facilities such as internet facilities, lounge, and healthcare rooms as a part of the competitive advantage of the organization. There are several strengths of the organization. There are also various halls and function rooms available in the hotel. The ballroom of the hotel is beautifully designed with a total area of 1,398 square meters. The total number of function rooms is 14 which are versatile and can be used for different types of functions, weddings or events. The Ching Room has a connected alfresco courtyard which can be used for cocktail events ad wedding ceremonies. Other specialty of the hotel is its Wine Bar which can accommodate 99 guests with the excellent view of Victoria Harbor. It offers specialized services regarding the arrangement of weddings. It has lavish venues and a team of specialists which can create special memories which can be cherished for the lifetime. The marriage will be organized in a spectacular ballroom which has crystal chandeliers and garden terrace. It also offers concierge services which can assist the mailing, messages, booking airline tickets and luggage storage services. It can also offer bookings and other general information related services to the customers. It provides high internet speed services in the public areas. There are also certain environmental practices which the organization follows as part of its environmental conservation initiatives. These initiatives are conserving the energy and water in the hotel. The company implements water conserving fixtures, regularly maintaining the leakage maintenance and reducing the overall electricity consumption of the organization. The weakness of the organization is that the company is that it focuses on providing only limited food and dining options to the customers. Other than that, it is also important to provide offers and services to the customers due to the intense competition in the hotel industry. The strength of the organization is event organizing and avoiding several different kinds of events. Recommendations to the Management From the above analysis, it can be recommended to the management of the hotel that it is important to enhance the customer value proposition of the organization to attract more customers towards the organization. Sheraton Hong Kong hotel provides several services to its customers such as free wifi, free telephone calls and lounge and refreshment facilities. However, the same facilities are provided by other hotels and restaurants (Hassan, 2012). Therefore, it is important that the organization develops a unique customer value proposition for its customers. In order to retain the existing customers towards the organization, the company can give loyalty cards to them. If there are some loyal customers of the hotel, they should be given discount and complementary services to the customers every time they visit the hotel (Osterwalder, Pigneur, Bernarda, Smith, 2015). Other than that, the organization can also organize frequent complementary dinners and lunches for the customers who regularly frequent the hotels of the organization. In the hospitality industry, food is considered as a crucial criterion for the customers to select the hotels. Therefore, the company should make a decision to provide excellent food and the dining experience. The organization should recruit the cooks and chefs with excellent culinary skills. Other than that, the organization must be able to serve the local dishes of the countries from which the majority of the tourists arrive at the hotel. The customers will prefer if they can eat their local dishes at a foreign destination. Currently, the hotel offers dishes prepared in China, Japan and other Asian countries (Osterwalder, Pigneur, Bernarda Smith, 2015). The hotel should be able to offer dishes of European and American countries as the people of these countries frequently travel to Hong Kong for the business purpose. The international tourists are the major part of the income or revenue of the organization. Therefore, it can make coalitions with the travel agencies to offer travel and roaming services to the customers. The customers can choose the taxi services to travel across the major tourist destinations of Hong Kong. This value proposition will differentiate the company from the competitors. Conclusion It can be concluded that it is really important for the business organizations to develop their competitive advantage and customer value proposition. The development of customer value proposition is important for the business organizations. The customer value proposition refers to the unique selling points of the organization. It can assist the organization in developing a competitive advantage which is necessary in the present business environment. The customer value proposition refers to the value which is extended to the customers when a product is sold. The customer value proposition is unique and distinguishes the organization from the competitors. References Barnes, C., Blake, H., Pinder, D. 2009. Creating and Delivering Your Value Proposition: Managing Customer Experience for Profit. Kogan Page Publishers. Doligalski, T. 2014. Internet-Based Customer Value Management: Developing Customer Relationships Online. Springer. Duchessi, P. 2004. Crafting Customer Value: The Art and Science. Purdue University Press. Hassan, A. 2012. The Value Proposition Concept in Marketing: How Customers Perceive the Value Delivered by Firms A Study of Customer Perspectives on Supermarkets in Southampton in the United Kingdom. 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